Predictors of fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia among newborns of HIV-positive mothers
Identifieur interne : 000572 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000571; suivant : 000573Predictors of fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia among newborns of HIV-positive mothers
Auteurs : Amos K. Laar [Ghana] ; Fredrick E. Grant [Kenya] ; Yaw Addo [États-Unis] ; Ireneous Soyiri [Ghana, Malaisie] ; Bright Nkansah [Ghana] ; James Abugri [Ghana] ; Alexander S. Laar [Ghana] ; William K. Ampofo [Ghana] ; Juliette M. Tuakli [Ghana] ; Isabella A. Quakyi [Ghana]Source :
- BMC Research Notes [ 1756-0500 ] ; 2013.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Anémie (diagnostic), Anémie (sang), Anémie (épidémiologie), Co-infection, Complications parasitaires de la grossesse (diagnostic), Complications parasitaires de la grossesse (sang), Complications parasitaires de la grossesse (épidémiologie), Facteurs sexuels, Femelle, Ghana (épidémiologie), Grossesse, Humains, Hémoglobine foetale (métabolisme), Infections à VIH (diagnostic), Infections à VIH (sang), Infections à VIH (transmission), Infections à VIH (épidémiologie), Issue de la grossesse, Mâle, Nourrisson, Nouveau-né, Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (diagnostic), Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (sang), Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (transmission), Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (épidémiologie), Parasitémie (diagnostic), Parasitémie (sang), Parasitémie (transmission), Parasitémie (épidémiologie), Prévalence, Sang foetal (parasitologie), Transmission verticale de maladie infectieuse.
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Anémie, Complications parasitaires de la grossesse, Infections à VIH, Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum, Parasitémie.
- métabolisme : Hémoglobine foetale.
- parasitologie : Sang foetal.
- sang : Anémie, Complications parasitaires de la grossesse, Infections à VIH, Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum, Parasitémie.
- épidémiologie : Anémie, Complications parasitaires de la grossesse, Ghana, Infections à VIH, Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum, Parasitémie.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Co-infection, Facteurs sexuels, Femelle, Grossesse, Humains, Issue de la grossesse, Mâle, Nourrisson, Nouveau-né, Prévalence, Transmission verticale de maladie infectieuse.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Ghana.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Anemia (blood), Anemia (diagnosis), Anemia (epidemiology), Coinfection, Female, Fetal Blood (parasitology), Fetal Hemoglobin (metabolism), Ghana (epidemiology), HIV Infections (blood), HIV Infections (diagnosis), HIV Infections (epidemiology), HIV Infections (transmission), Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Malaria, Falciparum (blood), Malaria, Falciparum (diagnosis), Malaria, Falciparum (epidemiology), Malaria, Falciparum (transmission), Male, Parasitemia (blood), Parasitemia (diagnosis), Parasitemia (epidemiology), Parasitemia (transmission), Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic (blood), Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic (diagnosis), Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic (epidemiology), Pregnancy Outcome, Prevalence, Sex Factors.
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Fetal Hemoglobin.
- geographic , epidemiology : Ghana.
- blood : Anemia, HIV Infections, Malaria, Falciparum, Parasitemia, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic.
- diagnosis : Anemia, HIV Infections, Malaria, Falciparum, Parasitemia, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic.
- epidemiology : Anemia, HIV Infections, Malaria, Falciparum, Parasitemia, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic.
- parasitology : Fetal Blood.
- transmission : HIV Infections, Malaria, Falciparum, Parasitemia.
- Adolescent, Adult, Coinfection, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Prevalence, Sex Factors.
Abstract
Malaria and HIV infections during pregnancy can individually or jointly unleash or confound pregnancy outcomes. Two of the probable outcomes are fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia. We determined clinical and demographic factors associated with fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia in newborns of HIV-positive women from two districts in Ghana.
We enrolled 1,154 antenatal attendees (443 HIV-positive and 711 HIV-negative) of which 66% were prospectively followed up at delivery. Maternal malaria parasitemia, and anemia rates among HIV+ participants at enrolment were 20.3% and 78.7% respectively, and 12.8% and 51.6% among HIV- participants. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to study associations. Prevalence of fetal anemia (cord hemoglobin level < 12.5 g/dL) and cord parasitemia (presence of
Our data show that newborns of women infected with HIV and/or malaria are at increased risk of anemia and also cord blood malaria parasitemia. Prevention of malaria infection during pregnancy may reduce the incidence of both adverse perinatal outcomes.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-350
PubMed: 24007344
PubMed Central: 3844504
Affiliations:
- Ghana, Kenya, Malaisie, États-Unis
- Géorgie (États-Unis), Région du Grand Accra
- Accra, Legon (Ghana)
- Université du Ghana
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Le document en format XML
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Laar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Population, Family, & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Population, Family, & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box LG 13, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grant, Fredrick E" sort="Grant, Fredrick E" uniqKey="Grant F" first="Fredrick E" last="Grant">Fredrick E. Grant</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">International Potato Centre, Mama SASHA Project, P.O. Box 1879, Bungoma, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>International Potato Centre, Mama SASHA Project, P.O. Box 1879, Bungoma</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bungoma</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Addo, Yaw" sort="Addo, Yaw" uniqKey="Addo Y" first="Yaw" last="Addo">Yaw Addo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I3">Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soyiri, Ireneous" sort="Soyiri, Ireneous" uniqKey="Soyiri I" first="Ireneous" last="Soyiri">Ireneous Soyiri</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I4">School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Global Public Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University, Sunway Campus, Malaysia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Public Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University, Sunway Campus</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sunway Campus</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nkansah, Bright" sort="Nkansah, Bright" uniqKey="Nkansah B" first="Bright" last="Nkansah">Bright Nkansah</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I6">Nii Boi Town, Box NB 1157, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Nii Boi Town, Box NB 1157, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abugri, James" sort="Abugri, James" uniqKey="Abugri J" first="James" last="Abugri">James Abugri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, Navrongo Campus, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, Navrongo Campus</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Navrongo Campus</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laar, Alexander S" sort="Laar, Alexander S" uniqKey="Laar A" first="Alexander S" last="Laar">Alexander S. Laar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I8">Project Fives Alive! National Catholic Health Service, Health Directorate, Lamashegu, Tamale, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Project Fives Alive! National Catholic Health Service, Health Directorate, Lamashegu, Tamale</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamale</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ampofo, William K" sort="Ampofo, William K" uniqKey="Ampofo W" first="William K" last="Ampofo">William K. Ampofo</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I9">Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuakli, Juliette M" sort="Tuakli, Juliette M" uniqKey="Tuakli J" first="Juliette M" last="Tuakli">Juliette M. Tuakli</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Population, Family, & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Population, Family, & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box LG 13, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quakyi, Isabella A" sort="Quakyi, Isabella A" uniqKey="Quakyi I" first="Isabella A" last="Quakyi">Isabella A. Quakyi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I10">Department of Biological, Environmental, & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological, Environmental, & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box LG 13, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Research Notes</title><idno type="eISSN">1756-0500</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Anemia (blood)</term><term>Anemia (diagnosis)</term><term>Anemia (epidemiology)</term><term>Coinfection</term><term>Female</term><term>Fetal Blood (parasitology)</term><term>Fetal Hemoglobin (metabolism)</term><term>Ghana (epidemiology)</term><term>HIV Infections (blood)</term><term>HIV Infections (diagnosis)</term><term>HIV Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>HIV Infections (transmission)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Infant, Newborn</term><term>Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical</term><term>Malaria, Falciparum (blood)</term><term>Malaria, Falciparum (diagnosis)</term><term>Malaria, Falciparum (epidemiology)</term><term>Malaria, Falciparum (transmission)</term><term>Male</term><term>Parasitemia (blood)</term><term>Parasitemia (diagnosis)</term><term>Parasitemia (epidemiology)</term><term>Parasitemia (transmission)</term><term>Pregnancy</term><term>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic (blood)</term><term>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic (diagnosis)</term><term>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic (epidemiology)</term><term>Pregnancy Outcome</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Sex Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Anémie (diagnostic)</term><term>Anémie (sang)</term><term>Anémie (épidémiologie)</term><term>Co-infection</term><term>Complications parasitaires de la grossesse (diagnostic)</term><term>Complications parasitaires de la grossesse (sang)</term><term>Complications parasitaires de la grossesse (épidémiologie)</term><term>Facteurs sexuels</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Ghana (épidémiologie)</term><term>Grossesse</term><term>Humains</term><term>Hémoglobine foetale (métabolisme)</term><term>Infections à VIH (diagnostic)</term><term>Infections à VIH (sang)</term><term>Infections à VIH (transmission)</term><term>Infections à VIH (épidémiologie)</term><term>Issue de la grossesse</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Nouveau-né</term><term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (diagnostic)</term><term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (sang)</term><term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (transmission)</term><term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (épidémiologie)</term><term>Parasitémie (diagnostic)</term><term>Parasitémie (sang)</term><term>Parasitémie (transmission)</term><term>Parasitémie (épidémiologie)</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Sang foetal (parasitologie)</term><term>Transmission verticale de maladie infectieuse</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Fetal Hemoglobin</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Ghana</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Anemia</term><term>HIV Infections</term><term>Malaria, Falciparum</term><term>Parasitemia</term><term>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Anemia</term><term>HIV Infections</term><term>Malaria, Falciparum</term><term>Parasitemia</term><term>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anémie</term><term>Complications parasitaires de la grossesse</term><term>Infections à VIH</term><term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum</term><term>Parasitémie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Anemia</term><term>HIV Infections</term><term>Malaria, Falciparum</term><term>Parasitemia</term><term>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hémoglobine foetale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sang foetal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Fetal Blood</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anémie</term><term>Complications parasitaires de la grossesse</term><term>Infections à VIH</term><term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum</term><term>Parasitémie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term><term>Malaria, Falciparum</term><term>Parasitemia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anémie</term><term>Complications parasitaires de la grossesse</term><term>Ghana</term><term>Infections à VIH</term><term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum</term><term>Parasitémie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Coinfection</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Infant, Newborn</term><term>Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical</term><term>Male</term><term>Pregnancy</term><term>Pregnancy Outcome</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Sex Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Co-infection</term><term>Facteurs sexuels</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Grossesse</term><term>Humains</term><term>Issue de la grossesse</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Nouveau-né</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Transmission verticale de maladie infectieuse</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ghana</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Malaria and HIV infections during pregnancy can individually or jointly unleash or confound pregnancy outcomes. Two of the probable outcomes are fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia. We determined clinical and demographic factors associated with fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia in newborns of HIV-positive women from two districts in Ghana.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We enrolled 1,154 antenatal attendees (443 HIV-positive and 711 HIV-negative) of which 66% were prospectively followed up at delivery. Maternal malaria parasitemia, and anemia rates among HIV+ participants at enrolment were 20.3% and 78.7% respectively, and 12.8% and 51.6% among HIV- participants. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to study associations. Prevalence of fetal anemia (cord hemoglobin level < 12.5 g/dL) and cord parasitemia (presence of <italic>P</italic>. <italic>falciparum</italic> in cord blood at delivery) were 57.3% and 24.4% respectively. Factors found to be associated with fetal anemia were maternal malaria parasitemia and maternal anemia. Infant cord hemoglobin status at delivery was positively and significantly associated with maternal hemoglobin and gestational age whilst female gender of infant was negatively associated with cord hemoglobin status. Maternal malaria parasitemia status at recruitment and female gender of infant were positively associated with infant cord malaria parasitemia status.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Our data show that newborns of women infected with HIV and/or malaria are at increased risk of anemia and also cord blood malaria parasitemia. 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Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lozoff, B" uniqKey="Lozoff B">B Lozoff</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erdem, A" uniqKey="Erdem A">A Erdem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erdem, M" uniqKey="Erdem M">M Erdem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arslan, M" uniqKey="Arslan M">M Arslan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yazici, G" uniqKey="Yazici G">G Yazici</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eskandari, R" uniqKey="Eskandari R">R Eskandari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Himmetoglu, O" uniqKey="Himmetoglu O">O Himmetoglu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peng, H" uniqKey="Peng H">H Peng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tong, Xm" uniqKey="Tong X">XM Tong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Isabelle Von Kohorn Mdarae, Md" uniqKey="Isabelle Von Kohorn Mdarae M">MD Isabelle Von Kohorn MDaRAE</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Evseenko, Da" uniqKey="Evseenko D">DA Evseenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsirel Nikov, Ni" uniqKey="Tsirel Nikov N">NI Tsirel'nikov</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cassady, Ci" uniqKey="Cassady C">CI Cassady</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mehollin Ray, Ar" uniqKey="Mehollin Ray A">AR Mehollin-Ray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olutoye, Oo" uniqKey="Olutoye O">OO Olutoye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cass, Dl" uniqKey="Cass D">DL Cass</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Domellof, M" uniqKey="Domellof M">M Domellöf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dewey, Kg" uniqKey="Dewey K">KG Dewey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lonnerdal, B" uniqKey="Lonnerdal B">B Lönnerdal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Rj" uniqKey="Cohen R">RJ Cohen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, Z" uniqKey="Yang Z">Z Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lonnerdal, B" uniqKey="Lonnerdal B">B Lönnerdal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adu Afarwuah, S" uniqKey="Adu Afarwuah S">S Adu-Afarwuah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Kh" uniqKey="Brown K">KH Brown</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaparro, Cm" uniqKey="Chaparro C">CM Chaparro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Rj" uniqKey="Cohen R">RJ Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Domellof, M" uniqKey="Domellof M">M Domellöf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hernell, O" uniqKey="Hernell O">O Hernell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lartey, A" uniqKey="Lartey A">A Lartey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kg, D" uniqKey="Kg D">D KG</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Ghana</li><li>Kenya</li><li>Malaisie</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li><li>Région du Grand Accra</li></region><settlement><li>Accra</li><li>Legon (Ghana)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université du Ghana</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Ghana"><region name="Région du Grand Accra"><name sortKey="Laar, Amos K" sort="Laar, Amos K" uniqKey="Laar A" first="Amos K" last="Laar">Amos K. Laar</name></region><name sortKey="Abugri, James" sort="Abugri, James" uniqKey="Abugri J" first="James" last="Abugri">James Abugri</name><name sortKey="Ampofo, William K" sort="Ampofo, William K" uniqKey="Ampofo W" first="William K" last="Ampofo">William K. Ampofo</name><name sortKey="Laar, Alexander S" sort="Laar, Alexander S" uniqKey="Laar A" first="Alexander S" last="Laar">Alexander S. Laar</name><name sortKey="Nkansah, Bright" sort="Nkansah, Bright" uniqKey="Nkansah B" first="Bright" last="Nkansah">Bright Nkansah</name><name sortKey="Quakyi, Isabella A" sort="Quakyi, Isabella A" uniqKey="Quakyi I" first="Isabella A" last="Quakyi">Isabella A. Quakyi</name><name sortKey="Soyiri, Ireneous" sort="Soyiri, Ireneous" uniqKey="Soyiri I" first="Ireneous" last="Soyiri">Ireneous Soyiri</name><name sortKey="Tuakli, Juliette M" sort="Tuakli, Juliette M" uniqKey="Tuakli J" first="Juliette M" last="Tuakli">Juliette M. Tuakli</name></country><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Grant, Fredrick E" sort="Grant, Fredrick E" uniqKey="Grant F" first="Fredrick E" last="Grant">Fredrick E. Grant</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Géorgie (États-Unis)"><name sortKey="Addo, Yaw" sort="Addo, Yaw" uniqKey="Addo Y" first="Yaw" last="Addo">Yaw Addo</name></region></country><country name="Malaisie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Soyiri, Ireneous" sort="Soyiri, Ireneous" uniqKey="Soyiri I" first="Ireneous" last="Soyiri">Ireneous Soyiri</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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